APCUPSD User Manual.Adam Kropelin. Kern Sibbald.Apcupsd is a UPS control system that permits orderly shutdown of your.May 3. 1, 2. 01. 6 1.This manual documents apcupsd version 3.Copyright 2. 00. Adam Kropelin.Copyright 1. Kern Sibbald.Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification.Apcupsd. the copyright notice, and this notice are preserved.Apcupsd source code is released under the GNU General Public License.Please see the file COPYING in the main source directory.For more information on the project, please visit the main web site.No person should rely on the contents of the APCUPSD Manual the manual.APC Technical Support.The manual is provided on the terms and understanding that the authors, contributors and editors are not responsible for the.The the authors, contributors and editors, expressly disclaim all and any.Without limiting the.This is the manual for apcupsd, a.UPSes Uninterruptible Power.Supplies made by American Power Conversion Corporation APC.If you have an. APC made UPS, whether sold under the APC nameplate or OEMed for example, the HP.Power. Trust 2. 99.A, and you want you get it working with a computer running.Linux, Unix, or Windows, you are reading the right document.This manual is divided into parts which increase in technical depth.If you have just bought a state of the art smart UPS.USB or Ethernet interface, and you are running a current.US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html-single/Installation_Guide/images/upgrading/upgrading.png' alt='How To Uninstall Software From Red Hat Linux Server' title='How To Uninstall Software From Red Hat Linux Server' />After the last tutorial on minimal installation of Red Hat Enterprise 7.Red Hat Subscription Service and enable your system.Install-RHEL-7-02.png' alt='How To Uninstall Software From Red Hat Linux Server' title='How To Uninstall Software From Red Hat Linux Server' />IRFANVIEW MAIN SITE.Is there a direct download link for IrfanView and Plugins I want to create a CDROM with images and I will put IrfanView on the CD.CPanel is an online Linuxbased web hosting control panel that provides a graphical interface and automation tools designed to simplify the process of hosting a web.YoLinux Linux systems administration and configuration for server and desktop computers.Linux Information Portal includes informative tutorials and links to many.Red Hat or SUSE Linux, then apcupsd is.Basic. Users Guide.If your operating system is older, or if you have an old fashioned.UPS, youll have to read about serial installation see.Installation Serial Line UPSes.If you need more.US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Deployment_Guide/images/Graphical_Package_Management-install.png' alt='How To Uninstall Software From Red Hat Linux Server' title='How To Uninstall Software From Red Hat Linux Server' />UPS setup youll need to read the sections on.Finally. there are a number of technical reference sections which.You should begin by reading the Quick Start see Quick Start for.Beginners instructions.On current hardware and software getting it.The following is a help guide to the steps needed to get apcupsd.Check to see if apcupsd supports your UPS and cable see.Supported UPSes and Cables.Check to see if apcupsd supports your operating system see.Supported Operating Systems.Plan your configuration type see Choosing a Configuration.Type. If you have just one UPS and.If you have more than one machine being.UPS, or more than one UPS supplying power to.Figure out if you have one of the easy setups.If you have a USB.UPS, and a supported operating system and you want to use one UPS.APC supplies the cable.UPS along with the UPS.All you need to do.USB subsystem is working see USB.Configuration if so, you can go to the build.If you have a UPS designed to communicate via SNMP over.Ethernet, that is also a relatively easy installation.Details. are provided in Support for SNMP UPSes.If you have a UPS that communicates via an RS2.C serial. interface and it is a Smart.UPS, then things are relatively simple.If you have a vendor supplied cable, find out what cable type.A, stamped in the plastic.If you dont have a vendor supplied cable, or your type is not.Cables. Here is hoping you are good with a soldering.Now you are ready to read the Building and Installing see.Building and Installing apcupsd.If you are. installing from an RPM or some other form of binary package, this.Tweak your etcapcupsdapcupsd.Often it. will not be.Change the BIOS settings see Arranging for Reboot on.Power Up on your computer.This is not the default.To verify that your UPS is communicating with your computer and.Testing see Testing.Apcupsd section. If you run into problems, check the apcupsd users email list.This is an excellent resource with.See. http sourceforge.If you still need help, send a message to the apcupsd users email.Read the manual section on Monitoring and Tuning your UPS.UNIX like operating systems as well as several.Windows. Due to lack of API standardization, USB support is not.See Platform Support below for details.In general it is recommended to obtain a prebuilt package for your platform.Given how apcupsd must integrate into the shutdown mechanism of the.In. some cases, binary packages are provided by the apcupsd team Red.Hat. Mandriva, Su.SE, Windows, Mac OS X.For other platforms it is recommended to.Note that some vendors continue to distribute.These packages should not be.LINUXWINDOWSWindows NT 4 24Windows 9.ME2. 00. 0 24Windows XPVista including 6.Windows Server 2.Windows 7 2OTHERSapcupsd supports nearly every APC brand UPS model in existence and enough.The UPSTYPE lt keyword field is the value you will put in.UPS. you have. Well describe the possible values here, because theyre.UPSs single most important interface.The apcsmart protocol uses an RS2.APC calls this language UPS Link.Originally. introduced for Smart UPS models thus the name apcsmart, this.UPS is in decline, rapidly being replaced in APCs product.USB and MODBUS UPSes.A USB UPS speaks a universal well defined control.USB wire. Most of APCs lineup now uses this method.The most recent APC UPSes support only a.USB interface. MODBUS see below is required.This is the keyword to specify if you are using your.UPS in Slave mode i.UPS, but to another machine which is, and it is connected to.Master via an ethernet connection.You must have apcupsds.Network Information Services NIS turned on for this mode to work.SNMP UPSes communicate via an Ethernet NIC and.Simple Network Management Protocol.A dumb or voltage signaling UPS and its computer.RS2. 32. C. serial connection.Not much can actually be conveyed this way other than.Voltage signaling UPSes are obsolete you.If you. have a choice, we recommend you avoid simple signalling UPSes.PCNET is an alternative for SNMP available on APCs.AP9. 61. 7 family of smart slot modules.The protocol is much simpler.SNMP. modbus. MODBUS is the newest APC protocol and operates over RS2.USB. MODBUS is APCs replacement for the aging apcsmart aka UPS Link.MODBUS is the only way to access detailed control and status.SMT series UPSes.There are three major.The first is a standalone.UPS, which powers a.This is the most common configuration.If youre. working with just one machine and one UPS, skip the rest of this.Your choices become more interesting if you are running a small.Under those circumstances, it may not.UPS with every single.The second type of configuration is the NIS Network Information.Server server and client.In this configuration, where one UPS.UPS. Note that NIS is not related to Suns directory service.NIS or Yellow Pages.The third configuration is where a single.UPSes. In this case, there are several.UPS. One instance of apcupsd will run in standalone mode, and.This type of configuration may be appropriate for large server.Here is a diagram that summarizes the possibilities If you decide to set up one of these more complex configurations.Apcupsd supports USB connections on all major operating systems.Linux, Free. BSD, Open.BSD, Net. BSD, Windows, Solaris, and Mac OS X.Darwin. If you plan to use a USB connection, please read the.You can skip this section.UPS has a serial RS2.C or Ethernet interface or if you.Problem. Linux 2.RH 9, RHEL 3. do not bind the USB device to the proper driver.This is evidenced.UPS correctly but it will have.This affects RHEL3.Workaround. Upgrade linux kernel to 2.Alternately. you apply the linux 2.USB reject. patch patches to your kernel and rebuild.These patches can be found in the examples directory in the.Problem. Mandrake 1.USB minor numbers dynamically.This is evidenced by.USB HID v. 1. 1. 0 Device.Workaround. Boot standard kernel instead of kernel secure or.CONFIGUSBDYNAMICMINORS and rebuild kernel secure.Problem. USB driver linux usb.HIDMAXUSAGES undefined.This is due to a defect in the.Workaround. Upgrade to apcupsd 3.These versions. contain a workaround for the defect.Problem. On some systems such as Slackware 1.USB devices. will show up see the next section.Workaround. Add the following to rc.Problem. 2. 6 kernels use udev and some distributions to not.UPS. Workaround. Edit the file etcudevrules.KERNELhiddev, NAMEusbhiddevn.More details are provided in the following section.To make sure that your USB subsystem can see the UPS, just do this.This information is updated by the kernel whenever a device is.It contains details on all the USB devices in your system.UPSes. You should get some output back that includes something like this.Back. UPS RS 1. 00.Introduction to Linux.Why partition Most people have a vague knowledge of what partitions are, since every operating system has the ability to create or remove them.It may seem strange that Linux uses more than one partition on the same disk, even when using the standard installation procedure, so some explanation is called for.One of the goals of having different partitions is to achieve higher data security in case of disaster.By dividing the hard disk in partitions, data can be grouped and separated.When an accident occurs, only the data in the partition that got the hit will be damaged, while the data on the other partitions will most likely survive.This principle dates from the days when Linux didnt have journaled file systems and power failures might have lead to disaster. How Do I Install A Compression Fitting . The use of partitions remains for security and robustness reasons, so a breach on one part of the system doesnt automatically mean that the whole computer is in danger.This is currently the most important reason for partitioning.A simple example a user creates a script, a program or a web application that starts filling up the disk.If the disk contains only one big partition, the entire system will stop functioning if the disk is full.If the user stores the data on a separate partition, then only that data partition will be affected, while the system partitions and possible other data partitions keep functioning.Mind that having a journaled file system only provides data security in case of power failure and sudden disconnection of storage devices.This does not protect your data against bad blocks and logical errors in the file system.In those cases, you should use a RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks solution.Partition layout and types.There are two kinds of major partitions on a Linux system data partition normal Linux system data, including the root partition containing all the data to start up and run the system and swap partition expansion of the computers physical memory, extra memory on hard disk.Most systems contain a root partition, one or more data partitions and one or more swap partitions.Systems in mixed environments may contain partitions for other system data, such as a partition with a FAT or VFAT file system for MS Windows data.Most Linux systems use fdisk at installation time to set the partition type.As you may have noticed during the exercise from Chapter 1, this usually happens automatically.On some occasions, however, you may not be so lucky.In such cases, you will need to select the partition type manually and even manually do the actual partitioning.The standard Linux partitions have number 8.The fdisk utility has built in help, should you forget these values.Apart from these two, Linux supports a variety of other file system types, such as the relatively new Reiser file system, JFS, NFS, FATxx and many other file systems natively available on other proprietary operating systems.The standard root partition indicated with a single forward slash, is about 1.MB, and contains the system configuration files, most basic commands and server programs, system libraries, some temporary space and the home directory of the administrative user.A standard installation requires about 2.MB for the root partition.Swap space indicated with swap is only accessible for the system itself, and is hidden from view during normal operation.Swap is the system that ensures, like on normal UNIX systems, that you can keep on working, whatever happens.On Linux, you will virtually never see irritating messages like Out of memory, please close some applications first and try again, because of this extra memory.The swap or virtual memory procedure has long been adopted by operating systems outside the UNIX world by now.Using memory on a hard disk is naturally slower than using the real memory chips of a computer, but having this little extra is a great comfort.We will learn more about swap when we discuss processes in Chapter 4.Linux generally counts on having twice the amount of physical memory in the form of swap space on the hard disk.When installing a system, you have to know how you are going to do this.An example on a system with 5.MB of RAM 1st possibility one swap partition of 1 GB2nd possibility two swap partitions of 5.MB3rd possibility with two hard disks 1 partition of 5.MB on each disk. The last option will give the best results when a lot of IO is to be expected.Read the software documentation for specific guidelines.Some applications, such as databases, might require more swap space.Others, such as some handheld systems, might not have any swap at all by lack of a hard disk.Swap space may also depend on your kernel version.The kernel is on a separate partition as well in many distributions, because it is the most important file of your system.If this is the case, you will find that you also have a boot partition, holding your kernels and accompanying data files.The rest of the hard disks is generally divided in data partitions, although it may be that all of the non system critical data resides on one partition, for example when you perform a standard workstation installation.When non critical data is separated on different partitions, it usually happens following a set pattern a partition for user programs usra partition containing the users personal data homea partition to store temporary data like print and mail queues vara partition for third party and extra software optOnce the partitions are made, you can only add more.Changing sizes or properties of existing partitions is possible but not advisable.The division of hard disks into partitions is determined by the system administrator.On larger systems, he or she may even spread one partition over several hard disks, using the appropriate software.Most distributions allow for standard setups optimized for workstations average users and for general server purposes, but also accept customized partitions.During the installation process you can define your own partition layout using either your distribution specific tool, which is usually a straight forward graphical interface, or fdisk, a text based tool for creating partitions and setting their properties.A workstation or client installation is for use by mainly one and the same person.The selected software for installation reflects this and the stress is on common user packages, such as nice desktop themes, development tools, client programs for E mail, multimedia software, web and other services.Everything is put together on one large partition, swap space twice the amount of RAM is added and your generic workstation is complete, providing the largest amount of disk space possible for personal use, but with the disadvantage of possible data integrity loss during problem situations.On a server, system data tends to be separate from user data.Programs that offer services are kept in a different place than the data handled by this service.Different partitions will be created on such systems a partition with all data necessary to boot the machinea partition with configuration data and server programsone or more partitions containing the server data such as database tables, user mails, an ftp archive etc.Servers usually have more memory and thus more swap space.Certain server processes, such as databases, may require more swap space than usual see the specific documentation for detailed information.For better performance, swap is often divided into different swap partitions.Mount points. All partitions are attached to the system via a mount point.The mount point defines the place of a particular data set in the file system.Usually, all partitions are connected through the root partition.On this partition, which is indicated with the slash, directories are created.These empty directories will be the starting point of the partitions that are attached to them.An example given a partition that holds the following directories.We want to attach this partition in the filesystem in a directory called optmedia.In order to do this, the system administrator has to make sure that the directory optmedia exists on the system.Preferably, it should be an empty directory.How this is done is explained later in this chapter.Then, using the mount command, the administrator can attach the partition to the system.
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